Article

The surgeon Ambroise Pare designed an anthropomorphic hand for wounded soldiers
in the 16th century. Since that time, there have been advances in technology
through the use of computer-aided design, modern materials, electronic
controllers and sensors to realise artificial hands which have good functionality
and reliability. Data from touch, object slip, finger position and temperature
sensors, mounted in the fingers and on the palm, can be used in feedback loops to
automatically hold objects. A study of the natural neuromuscular systems reveals
a complexity which can only in part be realised today with technology. Highlights
of the parallels and differences between natural and artificial hands are
discussed with reference to the Southampton Hand. The anatomical structure of
parts of the natural systems can be made artificially such as the antagonist
muscles using tendons. Theses solutions look promising as they are based on the
natural form but in practice lack the desired physical specification. However,
concepts of the lower spinal loops can be mimicked in principle. Some future
devices will require greater skills from the surgeon to create the interface
between the natural system and an artificial device. Such developments may offer
a more natural control with ease of use for the limb deficient person.

Langue : ANGLAIS

Tiré à part : OUI