Article

The increase in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) with endurance
training is associated with that of maximal cardiac output (Qmax), but not oxygen
extraction, in young individuals. Whether such a relationship is altered with
ageing remains unclear. Therefore, we sought systematically to review and
determine the effect of endurance training on and the associations among VO2max,
Qmax and arteriovenous oxygen difference at maximal exercise (Ca-vO2max) in
healthy aged individuals. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of
MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science, from their inceptions until May 2015 for
articles assessing the effect of endurance training lasting 3 weeks or longer on
VO2max and Qmax and/or Ca-vO2max in healthy middle-aged and/or older individuals
(mean age >/=40 years). Meta-analyses were performed to determine the
standardised mean difference (SMD) in VO2max, Qmax and Ca-vO2max between post and
pre-training measurements. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to
evaluate the associations among SMDs and potential moderating factors. RESULTS:
Sixteen studies were included after systematic review, comprising a total of 153
primarily untrained healthy middle-aged and older subjects (mean age 42-71
years). Endurance training programmes ranged from 8 to 52 weeks of duration.
After data pooling, VO2max (SMD 0.89; P < 0.0001) and Qmax (SMD 0.61; P < 0.0001)
were increased after endurance training; no heterogeneity among studies was
detected. Ca-vO2max was only increased with endurance training interventions
lasting more than 12 weeks (SMD 0.62; P = 0.001). In meta-regression, the SMD in
Qmax was positively associated with the SMD in VO2max
(B = 0.79, P = 0.04). The
SMD in Ca-vO2max was not associated with the SMD in VO2max (B = 0.09, P = 0.84).
CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in VO2max following endurance training is a linear
function of Qmax, but not Ca-vO2max, through healthy ageing.
CI - (c) The European Society of Cardiology 2015.

Langue : ANGLAIS