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Neural correlates of childhood language disorder

MAYES AK; REILLY S; MORGAN AT
DEV MED CHILD NEUROL , 2015, vol. 57, n° 8, p. 706-717
Doc n°: 176096
Localisation : Documentation IRR

D.O.I. : http://dx.doi.org/DOI:10.1111/dmcn.12714
Descripteurs : AD61 - TROUBLES DU LANGAGE. APHASIE

The neurobiological contributions of childhood language disorder are not well understood. Yet there is increasing evidence that language disorder is
associated with differences in brain structure and/or function in core language
regions. A key hypothesis has been that children with language disorder do not
show the same degree of leftward asymmetry of these regions as observed in
typically developing children. We aimed to systematically review structural and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to examine brain
commonalities and differences between children with language disorder and
typically developing controls;
and differences in leftward asymmetry between
these groups. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted using MeSH terms
synonymous with childhood language disorder and brain MRI methods. The search
identified 1443 papers, and 18 articles met the criteria and were appraised for
level and quality of evidence. RESULTS: Atypical brain structure and function was
reported within traditionally recognized language regions across studies,
including the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior superior temporal gyrus, and
caudate nucleus. The direction of difference (e.g. increased/decreased) was
variable, however, likely because of differences in language disorder groups
examined and magnetic resonance data acquisition and analysis approaches. As
regards asymmetry, there was some evidence of reduction of the anticipated
structural and functional leftward asymmetry in frontal language regions in
language disorder groups. INTERPRETATION: Mounting evidence suggests that
children with language disorder have atypical brain structure and function within
neural regions integral to language. There is limited support for the hypothesis
that children with language disorder show a reduction of leftward structural
and/or functional asymmetry in frontal language regions. Interpretation is
limited, however, by a high degree of variability in language disorder assessment
and phenotype, and in magnetic resonance methodologies.
A large-scale magnetic
resonance study of brain structure and function is required in a well-defined
language disorder population cohort, with replication, to provide confirmatory
data on the neural correlates of childhood language disorder.
CI - (c) 2015 Mac Keith Press.
- Enfant

Langue : ANGLAIS

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