Article

PURPOSE: To systematically survey the literature, describe the current tobacco
science, and perform a mixed method review of randomized control trials of
tobacco research in the cardiopulmonary population. METHODS: Mixed method review
was conducted on major resource databases. Inclusion criteria were English
language with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, published between January 1, 2007,
and June 30, 2016; adult smokers >/=18 years of age with cardiovascular and/or
pulmonary disease; initiation of subject recruitment from hospital or community;
tobacco cessation (TC) as the main aim of the study; biometric validation of
smoking status; first-line TC medications; and nonpharmacological treatments.
RESULTS: The pooling of the 10 studies through forest plot analysis revealed the
effect of tobacco continuous abstinence rates significant at 3, 6, and 12 months
(total OR = 3.73; 95% CI, 2.58-5.38). Also, tobacco point prevalence rates of TC
treatments demonstrated overall effects that were significant at the different
end points (total OR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.90-3.64). In both cases, the higher ORs
were found in the 3 months end point. Most successful interventions consisted of
a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy (predominantly
counseling). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence continues to support the recommended
first-line TC pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacological practices published in the
2008 national guidelines. Implications for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
clinicians are discussed.

Langue : ANGLAIS