Article

Recognising structural and functional development of the paediatric foot is
fundamental to ensuring a strong theoretical framework for health professionals
and scientists. The transition of an infant from sitting to walking takes
approximately 9 months and is when the structures and function of the foot must
respond to the challenges of bearing load; becoming increasingly more essential
for locomotion. Literature pertaining to the phase of development was searched. A
narrative approach synthesised the information from papers written in English,
with non-symptomatic infant participants up to the development stage of
independent walking or two years of age. A range of literature was identified
documenting morphological, physiological, neuromuscular and biomechanical aspects
of the infant within this phase of development. The progression of variable gait
to a regular pattern is documented within a range of studies focusing on
neuromuscular control and ambulation development. However, methodological
approaches may have compromised the external validity of such data. Additionally,
limited consideration for the specific function and development of the foot is
evident, despite its role as the primary site of weight bearing and interface
with the floor. A lack of consideration of infants prior to ambulation (i.e.
before cruising or walking) is also apparent which prevents a reference baseline
being used effectively.
This review also identifies future research priorities
such that a comprehensive understanding of foot development from a non-weight
bearing to a weight bearing structure during locomotor advancement can be gained.
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Langue : ANGLAIS