Article

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term preventive impact of strength training on
muscle performance in older adults. DESIGN: A 7-year follow-up on a 1-year
randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of combined resistance training
and aerobic training and whole-body vibration training on muscle performance.
SETTING: University training center. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women (N=83; control
[CON] group, n=27; strength-training intervention [INT] group, n=56) between 60
and 80 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: The INT group exercised 3 times weekly during
1 year, performing a combined resistance training and aerobic training program or
a whole-body vibration training program. The former training program was designed
according to American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. The whole-body
vibration training program included unloaded static and dynamic leg exercises on
a vibration platform. The CON group did not participate in any training program.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Static strength (STAT), dynamic strength at 60 degrees /s
(DYN60) and at 240 degrees /s (DYN240), speed of movement at 20% (S20). RESULTS:
From baseline to postintervention, muscle performance did not change in the CON
group, except for S20 (+6.55%+/-2.88%, P<.001). One year of strength training
increased (P</=.001) STAT (+11.46%+/-1.86%), DYN60 (+6.96%+/-1.65%), DYN240
(+9.25%+/-1.68%), and S20 (+7.73%+/-2.19%) in the INT group. Between baseline and
follow-up, muscle performance decreased (P<.001) in both groups. However, STAT
and DYN60 showed a significantly lower loss in the INT group (-8.65%+/-2.35% and
-7.10%+/-2.38%, respectively) compared with the CON group (-16.47%+/-2.69% and
-15.08%+/-2.27%, respectively). This positive impact might be due to the
preservation of the training-induced gains, given the similar annual decline
rates in both groups from postintervention to follow-up. Additionally, in trained
participants, aging seems to impact velocity-dependent strength and power more
compared with basic strength, as the total losses in DYN240 (CON,
-15.93%+/-2.64%; INT, -11.39%+/-1.95%) and S20 (CON, -14.39%+/-2.10%; INT,
-13.16%+/-1.72%) did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A
1-year strength-training intervention results in an improved muscle performance
in older adults 7 years after their enrollment in the intervention. However, an
extensive exercise program cannot attenuate the age-related decline once the
intervention stops.
CI - Copyright (c) 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Langue : ANGLAIS