Article

Peak bone mass is attained during the second and third decades of life. Sports
participation during the years that peak bone mass is being acquired may lead to
adaptive changes that improve bone architecture through increased density and
enhanced geometric properties. A review of the literature evaluating sports
participation in young athletes, ages 10-30 years, revealed that sports that
involve high-impact loading (eg, gymnastics, hurdling, judo, karate, volleyball,
and other jumping sports) or odd-impact loading (eg, soccer, basketball, racquet
games, step-aerobics, and speed skating) are associated with higher bone mineral
composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and enhanced bone geometry in anatomic
regions specific to the loading patterns of each sport. Repetitive low-impact
sports (such as distance running) are associated with favorable changes in bone
geometry. Nonimpact sports such as swimming, water polo, and cycling are not
associated with improvements in bone mineral composition or BMD, and swimming may
negatively influence hip geometry. Participating in sports during early puberty
may enhance bone mass. Continued participation in sports appears to maintain the
full benefits of increased peak bone mass, although former athletes who do not
maintain participation in sports may retain some benefits of increased BMD.
Long-term elite male cycling was reported to negatively influence bone health,
and female adolescent distance running was associated with suppressed bone
mineral accrual; confounding factors associated with participation in endurance
sports may have contributed to those findings. In summary, young men and women
who participate in sports that involve high-impact or odd-impact loading exhibit
the greatest associated gains in bone health. Participation in nonimpact sports,
such as swimming and cycling, is not associated with an improvement in bone health.
CI - Copyright (c) 2011 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Langue : ANGLAIS