Article

Older adults and individuals with neurological conditions are at an
increased risk for falls.
Although physical exercise can prevent falls, certain
types of exercise may be more effective. Perturbation-based balance training is a
novel intervention involving repeated postural perturbations aiming to improve
control of rapid balance reactions. The purpose of this study was to
estimate the effect of perturbation-based balance training on falls in daily life. DATA SOURCES : MEDLINE (1946-July 2014), EMBASE (1974-July 2014),
PEDro (all dates), CENTRAL (1991-July 2014), and Google Scholar (all dates) were the data
sources used in this study. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials written
in English were included if they focused on perturbation-based balance training
among older adults or individuals with neurological conditions and collected
falls data posttraining. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators extracted data
independently. Study authors were contacted to obtain missing information. A
PEDro score was obtained for each study. Primary outcomes were proportion of
participants who reported one or more falls (ie, number of "fallers") and the
total number of falls. The risk ratio (proportion of fallers) and rate ratio
(number of falls) were entered into the analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eight studies
involving 404 participants were included. Participants who completed
perturbation-based balance training were less likely to report a fall (overall
risk ratio=0.71; 95% confidence interval=0.52, 0.96; P=.02) and reported fewer
falls than those in the control groups (overall rate ratio=0.54; 95% confidence
interval=0.34, 0.85; P=.007). LIMITATIONS: Study authors do not always identify
that they have included perturbation training in their intervention; therefore,
it is possible that some appropriate studies were not included. Study designs
were heterogeneous, preventing subanalyses.
CONCLUSIONS:
Perturbation-based
balance training appears to reduce fall risk among older adults and individuals
with Parkinson disease.
CI - (c) 2015 American Physical Therapy Association.
- Chutes

Langue : ANGLAIS