Article

Spasticity is often experienced by individuals with injury or illness of the
central nervous system from etiologies such as stroke, spinal cord injury, brain
injury, multiple sclerosis, or other neurologic conditions. Although spasticity
may provide benefits in some patients, it more often leads to complications
negatively impacting the patient. Nonpharmacologic treatment options often do not
provide long-term reduction of spasticity, and systemic interventions, such as
oral medications, can have intolerable side effects. The use of botulinum
neurotoxin injections is one option for management of focal spasticity. Several
localization techniques are available to physicians that allow for identification
of the selected target muscles. These methods include anatomic localization in
isolation or in conjunction with electromyography guidance, electrical
stimulation guidance, or ultrasound guidance. This article will focus on further
description of each of these techniques in relation to the treatment of adult
spasticity and will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technique,
as well as review the literature comparing the techniques.
CI - Copyright (c) 2015 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Langue : ANGLAIS