Article

The term 'stereotypies' encompasses a diverse range of movements,
behaviours, and/or vocalizations that are repetitive, lack clear function, and
sometimes appear to have a negative impact upon an individual's life. This review
aims to describe motor stereotypies. METHOD: This study reviewed the current
literature on the nature, aetiology, and treatment of motor stereotypies.
RESULTS: Motor stereotypies occur commonly but not exclusively in autistic
spectrum disorders. Similar movements are also found in otherwise healthy
children and those suffering sensory impairment, social isolation, or severe
intellectual disabilities; they may be persistent over time. Although often
difficult, it is possible to define and differentiate stereotypies from other
movement disorders such as tics through features of the history, such as earlier
onset and examination, together with the presence or absence of associated
neurological impairment or developmental difficulties. Co-occurrence with other
disorders affecting frontostriatal brain systems, including
attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic
disorders, is common. INTERPRETATION: The underlying function of motor
stereotypies remains unclear but may include the maintenance of arousal levels. A
neurogenetic aetiology is proposed but requires further study. When treatment is
sought, there are both pharmacological and behavioural options. Behavioural
treatments for motor stereotypies may in time be shown to be most effective;
however, they are difficult to implement in children younger than 7 years old.
CI - (c) The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (c) 2011 Mac Keith
Press.

Langue : ANGLAIS